det¨j y¨dra= v©j ?k¨Vkys
Hkkjr esa 20# jkst dekus vkSj [kkus fd izfr‘kRrk esa dksb lq/kkj ugha gqvk ogh djksM+ks #i;s ?kksVkys fd QsgfjLr es ,d uke vkSj ‘kkfey gks x;k]?kksVkys fd izfr’kRRkk c<+rh tk jgh gaS] bl ckj ?kksVkys fd fyLV es uke ntZ djk;k e/kqdksM+k tks dHkh etnwj gqvk djrs FksA ysfdu ckn esa fo/kk;d ls ea=h fQj eq[;ea=h vkSj vc laln esa crkSj lkaln fojkteku gSaA
Hkkjr d¨ vkt+knh 1947 esa Hkys gh feyh g¨] ij bl vkt+knh dh uho ij lPph vkt+knh fdls feyh- in¨ ij vklhu gekjs u©dj‘kkg¨a d¨ v©j usrkv¨ d¨ gh lgh vFk¨Z esa vkt+knh feyh gS- ?kql[k¨j¨a ] dHkh rsy ?k¨Vkyk] dHkh vkukt ?k¨Vkyk dHkh pkjk ?k¨Vky¨ dh yEch p©M+h QsgfjLr gSA bu O;oLFkkv¨a NkWo Rkys djks+M¨+ xjhc¨ dk gd ?k¨Vkysa #ih nkuo us nc¨p fy;k gS-D;¨afd xjhc¨ dh lquusokyk d¨Ã ugh gS-A
- usrkv¨ }kjk ?k¨Vky¨a v©j Hkz“Vkpkjh deh‘Uk[k¨jh v©j ?kwl ls /ku dekus v©j fLol cSd¨a esa tek djus dk dke usg# dky ls gh ‘kq# g¨ pqdk Fkk- ij ml le; cqtqZxk jktfufr ml gn rd ifrr ugha gqà Fkh- 1950 ls 1960 rd v[kckj¨a iUusa ij dqN ?k¨Vky¨a dh gh ppkZ fg ns[kus d¨ feyrh Fkh-70
d¢ n‘d d¢ ckn ny cny v©j jktfufr voljOkkn d¢ lkFk gh usrkv¨ v©j u©dj‘kkg¨ }kjk nykyh] ?kql[k¨jh] ?k¨Vky¨a esa Hkkjh o`f) gqÃ-lkoZtfud {ks= cSadks] ljdkjh foHkkx¨a ls ykHk dekus]vkiqÆr ,oa fuekZ.k esa ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;¨ d¨ dfe‘u nsus yxs-gj N¨Vs&e¨Vs ljdkjh
n¶rj¨a ls ysdj dpgjh;¨a rd ;gk¡ [kSjkr cVrh gS-
m/k¨xifr]O;ikjh Hkh usrkv¨ o vf/kdkjh;¨ d¨ ?kwl nsrs gS]ml dh Hkjikà vke vkneh d¨ fup¨M+dj v©j Bx dj djrh gS- lRrk #ih xaxk esa gj lRrk/kkjh Mqcdh yxkrk v©j ?k¨Vkyk dj d¢ cgkj fudyrk v©j iq.; dekrk-
bl [ksy dh ‘kq#vkr usg# ‘kklu dky ls gqbZ- mu d¢ dk;Zdky esa gh ns‘k dk igyk ?k¨Vkyk gqvk Fkk- tc Ñ“.esuu us thi ?k¨Vkyk fd;k] Hkkjr ljdkj us yanu dh ,d QeZ d¨ 200 thIk d¢ fy, vkMZj fn;k Fkk- iqjk iSLkk nsus d¢ ckn Hkh ek= 155 thi gh Hkkjr iWgqp ik;h]216 dj¨M+ dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k Xk;k Fkk- ml d¢ ckotqn usg# us bl dke dh rkjhQ dh v©j Ãuke d¢ r©j ij eaU=heaMy esa ea=h in fn;kA 1957 esa ewnaMk dkaM d¢ ckn usg# eU=haeaMy d¢ nqljs tulsod Hkz“Vusrk Vh-Ñ“.kepkjh foRreU=h] foRrlfpo ,p-,e- iVsy m/k¨xifr gfjnkl ewan~Mk us 125 dj¨M+ dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k- bl d¢ ckotwn usg# us mls ea=heaM~y es nqljh ckj txg nh- /keZrstk dkaM ij r¨
/kqy teha jgh-
1971 esa ukxjckyk dkaM 1995 esa ek#rh Hkwfe ?k¨Vkyk]1980 esa rsy ?k¨Vkyk] 1981 ese egkjk“Vª flesaV ?k¨Vkyk-,-vkj- us 30 dj¨Mak dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k-1982 esa pqjgV ykVjh dkaM- jktho xkW/kh d¢ ‘kklu dky esa 1987 esa c¨Q¨lZ r¨i ?k¨Vkyk Nk;k jgk lkjs ns‘k es Hkqpky lk vk x;k blh d¢ pyrs jktho d¨ lRrk ls gkFk /k¨uk iM+k] r¨i d¢ fy, LohMu dh daiuh d¨ Qk;nk igqpk;k¡- brkyoh] Dok=¨ph] 64 dj¨M+ dk ?k¨VkysckTk½ Hkh vkj¨ih gS- ;w-ih-, ljdkj d¢ vkrs gh Dok=¨fp d¢ lhy [kkr¨ ls j¨d gVk fn xÃ-bl rjg l¨fu;k us fe= /keZ fuHkk;k-
1989 esa lar dhVl dkaM ftl esa LoxÊ;- bafnjk xkW/kh d¢ ?kfu“V jgs rkaf=d pUæLokeh] oh-ih flag jko us 21 fefy;u Mkyj dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k- 1992 esa r¨ ?k¨Vky¨ dk esyk gh yx x;k- ,-Mh- ,e-d¢ dh v/;{k o eq[;ea=h t;yfyrk o mldh lgsyh us in d¢ ihNs] rkalh Hkwfe ?k¨Vkyk dk iVk{ksi fd;k 61 dj¨M+ dk ?k¨Vkyk- 1992 esa fg ‘ks;j ?k¨Vkys us ns‘k d¨ LrEC/k dj fn;k- g“kZn esgrk us 10 gtkj dj¨M+ dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k- 1992 es+ ,d v©j cgqpÆpr ?k¨Vkyk lkeus vk;k] QtÊ LVkEi ?k¨Vkyk lkeus vk;k- QtÊ LVk~Ei isij ?k¨Vkyk vCnqy djhe rsyxh us 32000 dj¨M+ dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k- bl esa dà vf/kdkjh usrk] Nxu Hkqtcy ‘kjn iokj v©j egkjk“Vª d¢ eq[;e=ha v‘k¨d pOgk.k
dk uke Hkh mNyk gS-10 yk[k #i;s rsyxh ls fy, Fks-1992 QkbusUkf‘k;y lÆolst ?k¨Vkyk d¢ru ikjs[k] gsru ikjs[k ij
‘ks;j ?k¨Vkyk dSuucSad Qkbusuf‘k;y lÆolst d¢ lkFk 47 dj¨M+ dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k-
1993 esa dkXkszal us viuk dkyk psgjk fn[kk;k bl ljdkj us LoÆx;- ih -oh ujflEgka jko us viuh ljdkj d¨ cpkus d¢ fy, >k-eq-e¨ d¢ v/;{k f‘kcq l¨jsu lesr ikWp lklan¨ d¨ ljdkj d¢ i{k esa o¨fVax djus d¢ fy, dj¨M¨+ #Ik;s dh fj‘or nh xà v©j ljdkj ckpkà ;g ekeyk Hkh yfEcr gS-
1995 ljdkjh vkokl ?k¨Vkyk ljdkjh deZpkjh;¨a d¨ fcuk ckjh d¢ vkokl vkoVWu esa rkRdkyhu dkXkszal ljdkj d¢ ‘kgjh fodkl ea=h ‘khyk d©y] d¢fUæ; ea=h ih- d¢ Fkqxu lfgr dà y¨x fj‘or ysdj ljdkjh vkokl vkoafVr djok, bu ij vkj¨i r; g¨ pqd¢ gS-1995] fcgkj esa pkjk ?k¨Vkyk ykyw ;kno us eq[;e=h jgrs gq, 950 dj¨M+ #i;s dk pkjk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k]QtÊ vkokl fuekZ.k i‘kq pkjk] nokà ]midj.k [kjhnus es+ QtÊ ck<+ jkgr ?k¨Vkyk 1995 esa fcgkj dh turk ck<+ ls tq> jgh Fkh] gtkj¨ y¨x ej jgs Fks y¨x¨ d¢ ?kj rckg g¨ pqd¢ Fks] y¨x viuh tku cpkus dh Tkn~n¨tgn es+ yxs gq, Fks] m/kj ljdkj }kjk Hksth xà ck<+ jkgr jk‘kh d¨ lk/kq ;kno lkQ djus es O;Lr
Fks- v©j dj¨M¨+ #i;s dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k- 1996 ;qfj;k ?k¨Vkyk ;g Hkh dkXkszal ljdkj d¢ Á/kkUke=ha LoxÊ; ujflEgka jko d¢ N¨Vs csVs ÁHkko jko o EkU=ha y[kUk ;kno us 133 dj¨M+ dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k- 1996 lapkj ?k¨Vkyk nwjl+apkj ea=h lq[kjke us 4-5 dj¨M+ dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k lq[kjke d¢ ?kj ls u¨V¨ dh c¨fj;Wk lhch-vkà d¢ }kjk cjken gqÃ-2009 d¨ mPprEk U;ky; dk QSlyk vk;k lq[kjke d¨ rhu lky dh ltk gqà ]ijUrq csy Hkh rHkh fey xÃ-1999 esa ns‘k d¢ ohj toku dkjfxy dh yM+kà yM+ jgsa ] mud¢ ‘kghn g¨us ij usrk Hkh iSls cV¨jus es yxs Fks] rkcqr dh [kjhnkjh 2 dj¨M+ dk ?k¨Vkyk gqvk] 2001 es- cjkd felkÃy dh [kjhnkjh 2 dj¨M+ dk ?k¨Vkyk gqvk]2001 esa okjkd felkÃy dh [kjhn esa dj¨M¨+ dk ?k¨Vkyk dj x,]usrk ;g ckr rc lkEkus vkà tc rgYkdk d¢ Vsi esa t;k tsVyh] caxk# y{e.k d¨ ?kwl ysrs fn[kk;k x;k-2003 ek;korh dgk¡ ihNs jgus okyh uke gh ek;k ;kfu ek;k dh nsoh us rkt d¨fjM¨j ls 175 dj¨M+ dh ek;k us gkFk lkQ fd;k-
2004 esa orZeku mM;u ea=h ÁQqy iVsy vkV¨jkÃl Qkbusul ?k¨Vkys esa 41-5 dj¨M+ dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k -2004 esa gh fcgkj d¢ Mh-,e x©re x©Lokeh us ck< jkgr ?k¨Vkyk fd;k 17 dj¨M+ dk- 2005 es rsy d¢ cnys vkukt ?k¨Vyk iqoZ ea=h uVoj flag d¢ iq=
txr flag dh daiuh us dj¨M¨+ dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k- 2006 es+a ekdik usrk ih-fot;u Hkh Hkz“Vkpkj d¢ d¢l es Qal x,-ysofyu ?k¨Vkyk es 17 dj¨M+ dk-2007 iatkc dkHkwfe ?k¨Vkys esa veszUæ flga Ql pqd¢ gS-mu ij pkj d¢l¨ es ls ,d es n¨“kh ik, x, gS- 2007 esa xsgq¡ ?k¨Vkyk ;q-ih-, ljdkj esa e=ha deyukFk us egWxh nj¨a ij fons‘k¨ ls xsgqW dk vk;kr fd;k 19l© dj¨M+ dk ?k¨Vkyk fd;k-2008 xkft;kckn es 25dj¨M+ dk th-ih-,Q ?k¨Vkyk]34 tt¨ d¢ iDd¢ lcqr feys gS-bl ?k¨Vkys es fyIr g¨us d¢- fnYyh d¢ Mh-Mh-, ¶ySV ?k¨Vkyk ns‘k dh vFkZO;oLFkk d¨ fgyk nsus okyk LkR;e ?k¨Vkyk 7]8000 dj¨M+ dk oh-jkekfyaxe jktq us QtÊ lEkiRrh dk QtÊ deZpkjh;¨ d¨ fn[kkdj dj¨M+ #i;s dk ?k¨Vyk fd;k-
,d vuqeku d¢ eqrkfcd n¨ yk[k dj¨M+ Mkyj vc rd ?k¨Vkysckt¨ dh tsc¨ es tk pqfd gS-ns‘k dk lkjk iSLkk Lohl cSd¨a es dkyk/ku d¢ #i esa Bql j[kk gS- v¨j turk o ns‘k dtZ d¢ c¨> ls nck gqvk gS- vc le; vk x;k gS] bl y¨dra= #ih xqykeh dh tathj¨ d¨ m[kkM+ Q¢daus dk- fuHkZ; g¨dj vak/kh dk rst >¨dk cuus dk] ,sLkk >¨dak t¨ bl usRkk #ih dpMs+ d¨ nqj cgk ys tk,- bl dk;Z d¨ djus d¢ fy, d¨Ã Hkxoku ugha vk,xk] ges [kqn fu.kZ; ysuk g¨xk-Lo;a [kM+ g¨uk g¨xk] v©j dkjWok cukuk g¨xk- jkLrs curs
pys tk,xsa] lcls CkMh+ rkdr ge esa fufgr gS-cgqr g¨ x;k vc r¨ tkx¨a]tku¨ viuh {kerkv¨a d¨ viuh rkdr d¨ c
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